Wine is an Alcoholic beverage obtain from the fermentation of juice of freshly gathered grapes

Wines are broadly classified as follows

Table wines or Still wines

Fortified wines

Aromatised wines {Vermouths}

Sparkling wines

Classification of Wines

Table Wines

They are classified into three wines

1.Red Wines

2.White Wines

3.Rose Wines

Defining Red Wines

#Unlike white wines , reds do not have varied degrees of sweetness .

#They are almost exclusive dry

#Range from light to full bodied , with distinctive taste .

#To Produce from red wines, grapes are crushed , not pressed.

#Skin is left with juice during fermentation Contains 9-14% alcohol , and the taste ranges from very dry to very sweet .

#The service temperature of red wine is 16-18 degrees centigrade.

#Consumed more than white wines.

Defining White Wine

#Light and delicate in flavour , goes well with seafood and lightly flavoured food as rich food overpowers their taste.

#The Grapes are pressed and the juice is drawn off immediately without the skins in to the cask for fermentation.

#Sweet white wines : The sugar content is very high , hence are preferred at the end of the meal.

#They contain 9-14% alcohol , and the taste ranges from very dry to very sweet .

#The Service temperature of white wine is 11-13 degrees centigrade.

Defining Rose Wine

#These are Produced exactly as red wine except that wine is drawn off from the fermenting red grapes after 2-3 days when enough red colour has been absorbed by the wine to give it a pink tinge

#They contain9-14% of alcohol , and the taste ranges from very dry to very sweet .

#The Service temperature of Rose wines is 13- 16 degree centigrade

Defining Sparkling Wine

#The most famous one is Champagne. This is made by the methode champenoise {second fermentation in the bottle } in the Champagne region of northeastern France .

#Effervescent wines made outside the Champagne region called sparkling wines.

#Sparkling wines are made in France , Spain , Italy , America , Australia and many other countries.

#Sparkling wines vary in their sweetness

Brut { very dry }

Sec { medium dry }

Demi Sec { medium sweet}

Doux { sweet }

#Semi Sparkling wines are known by the term ‘perlant’

#Service temperature for sparkling wine is 7-10 degrees centigrade

Wine Production

1.The grapes or vines need a temperature climate .

2.The grapes are at their best when the soil is sandy , rocky , and has lime in it.

3.When the grapes are ripe , their natural acid decreases and their sugar contents increases.

4.A black grape turns from green to dark red and white grapes turn from green to yellow .

5.The grapes which has developed on the vine for about 100 degree days* after flowering , is made up of skin , pulp , stalks , pips .

6.The person who takes care of viticulture is called a viticulturist.

Grapes:-

A. Stalk :

This thin stalk provides the grape with its nutrients .It provides tannic acids, which gives body and keeping quality to the wine

B. Skin :

The skin of the grapes is what gives it its colour .Grape skins have tannins and potassium in them , as well as various flavour components

C. Seed:

Seeds are discarded with the skins and other parts when a wine is done fermenting , but they do contain tannins and can often add to the tannic quality of a wine .

D.Flesh or Pulp

on almost every grape used for wine making, the pulp is a grey – yellow colour . This is what really makes a wine .

Nutrient Content

$ Pulp contains 70 to 80 % water

$ 10 to 25 % sugar {dextrose , glucose,laevulose , fructose}

$ 5 to 6 % acid { Malic ,tanic,citric acids}