BASIC SKIN CARE FOR CHILDREN,
Skin is the largest organ of the body. It is made up of two layers, an outer ‘epidermis’ and inner ‘dermis’. The epidermis has many layers; the outer most layer is known as ‘stratum corneum’ and it is made up of dead skin cells. The rest of the epidermis has cells called keratinocytes and melanocytes. Melanocytes are pigment cells and are responsible for the skin colour. The dermis comprises of nerves, blood vessels, hair follicle roots, sweat glands, sebaceous(oil) glands, elastic tissue and collagen(supporting tissue).
The skin has certain important functions: -
1) The barrier function: the internal organs are protected against infection and injury.
2) Regulates the temperature of the body.
3) Protects the body against harmful UV rays of the sun.
4) It is a sensory organ: It helps in perception of touch, hot, cold and pain sensations.
5) It has an immune function.
6) It helps in synthesis of vitamin D with the help of sunlight.
Basics of skin care:
A mild soap and moisturizer are the two important things one requires for the basic skin care of children. Expensive products need not be used. Cleansing involves bathing the child with mild baby soap once a day. A glycerin-based soap may be used in case the skin is very dry. Hot water is not advisable. One should use luke warm water for bathing. Application of ‘besan’ is not a must, but those who want to do so, may apply besan very gently over the skin. Do not be vigorous and rub hard as the child’s skin is very tender. An oil massage is a common practice in India. The oil should be non-irritant and free from fragrance. Coconut oil and Johnson’s baby oil are safe choices. However, if the baby has any skin problem, it is best to avoid oil massage and besan application. Mild baby shampoo should be used to wash the hair once a week. After bathing apply a mild moisturizing lotion on a slightly moist skin(and not ‘wet’ skin). Application should be in one direction and massage is not advised. A powder should be applied in the genital region. Change the diapers whenever wet and immediately wipe dry and apply powder. Light cotton clothing should be used.
Mosquito nets are a must to prevent bites and allergy. Mosquito repellants should not be used as they may cause irritant dermatitis. ‘Surma’ or ‘Kajal’ can produce allergic rash, thus avoid using the same in children. Sun protection, adequate hydration and a well balanced diet are equally important for a healthy skin. Lastly, it is important to consult a dermatologist if any skin problem is seen in the child.
Important:
The treatment methodologies described are brief enumerations and should not be followed as regimens without valid prescription given by a qualified medical doctor. The treatment procedures described here are not without risk and the author is not responsible for complications that arise in the course of the treatment done by other doctors.