Of consciousness as such. His argument, in essence, ran asfollows: man is limited to a consciousness of a specific nature, whichperceives by specific means and no others, therefore, his consciousness isnot valid; man is blind, because he has eyes—deaf, because he has ears—deluded, because he has a mind—and the things he perceives do not exist,because he perceives them.As to Kant’s version of morality, it was appropriate to the kind of zombiesthat would inhabit that kind of universe: it consisted of total, abjectselflessness. An action is moral, said Kant, only if one has no desire toperform it, but performs it out of a sense of duty and derives no benefit fromit of any sort, neither material nor spiritual; a benefit destroys the moralvalue of an action. (Thus, if one has no desire to be evil, one cannot be good;if one has, one can.)